Offensive Penalties
Description: Initiating physical contact that impedes a defender’s movement in any way while running a route.
Result: Play is dead. Offense loses the down and proceeds to the next down.
Description: If a player initiates a block (forcible contact with a defender) and then proceeds to run a route. The Snapper is the only exception to this rule.
Result: Play is dead. Offense loses the penalized down as well as the following down, then proceeds to the next down.
Description: Light contact from behind is tolerated, but aggressive or forceful blocks are penalized.
Result: The offending player is removed from the game for one play or one full drive, depending on severity. That player cannot be replaced during the penalty.
Description: Snapping the ball to a player who is not positioned directly behind the Snapper.
Result: Play is dead. Down is lost. Offense moves to the next down.
Description: An offensive player crosses the line of scrimmage early, gaining a positioning advantage before the snap.
Result: Referees may allow minimal leeway (such as leaning). When enforced, the play is dead. Offense loses the penalized down as well as the following down, then proceeds to the next down.
Description: The passer crosses the line of scrimmage to any extent, then passes the ball.
Result: When enforced, the play is dead. Offense loses the penalized down, then proceeds to the next down.
Defensive Penalties
Description: Making contact with any receiver or Snapper, before that player engages you or if you initiate contact of any kind before the ball crosses the line of scrimmage.
Result: At the end of the play, Offense retains that down and receives one additional down.
If no gain: Ball resets to the original line of scrimmage. Offense still gets that down plus one extra down.
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Buffer Violation / Offsides*
Description: A defender is inside the neutral Buffer Zone when no offensive players are present, or a defender crosses the line of scrimmage with an advantage before the snap.
Result: Referees may allow leeway. When enforced, the play is considered a free play. After the play ends, the offense chooses to either accept the result or nullify it and gain the original down plus one extra down.
Description: Physically wrapping or tackling an opponent to slow them down or stop movement. Any aggressive collision—even without the ball—counts.
Result: Automatic 0th and goal for the offense from the 2-point line.
Punt Return Penalty
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False Start (Punt Return Team)*
Description: Any player on the return team leaves the line before the punt is caught or hits the ground.
Result: The return team begins their offensive drive from their own 1-point line.
General / Applies to Anyone
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Bonus Attempt Penalty (Point After Touchdown)
Description: Any foul that occurs during or after a Bonus Attempt (1- or 2-point attempt).
Result:
Offensive Penalty: Attempt automatically fails.
Defensive Penalty: Attempt automatically succeeds.
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Arguing with the Referee
Description: Verbally or physically arguing with a referee in an aggressive or confrontational manner.
Result: Involved player(s) are ejected from the current play, drive, or full game, depending on the severity. They cannot be replaced during that time.
If one penalty per team occurs: The ref can either offset, or modify the intensity of the afflicting penalty (or penalties) based on the severity of each penalty.
*For all asterisked penalties, the team that was fouled has the option to enforce or waive the penalty. Once a decision is clearly stated to the ref, that is the final verdict.